Nushell 结构化 Shell¶

命令1 | 命令2 | 命令3
 表格 → 过滤 → 格式化

# macOS
brew install nushell

# Linux (cargo)
cargo install nu

# Windows (winget)
winget install nushell

# Windows (scoop)
scoop install nu

# 查找 nu 路径
which nu

# 添加到 /etc/shells（Linux/macOS）
echo $(which nu) | sudo tee -a /etc/shells

# 设为默认
chsh -s $(which nu)

# 打开配置
nu> config nu   # 编辑 config.nu
nu> config env  # 编辑 env.nu

# 配置路径
# Linux: ~/.config/nushell/config.nu
# macOS: ~/Library/Application Support/nushell/config.nu
# Windows: %APPDATA%\nushell\config.nu

nu --version
# 0.100.0

# 列出文件（表格输出）
ls

# 筛选大文件
ls | where size > 1mb

# 按大小排序
ls | sort-by size --reverse | first 10

# 递归查找 Python 文件
glob **/*.py | each { |f| ls $f } | flatten

# 打开 JSON 文件
open data.json

# 查询嵌套字段
open config.json | get database.host

# 打开 CSV 并过滤
open sales.csv | where amount > 1000 | sort-by date

# 转换格式
open data.json | to csv | save data.csv

# 进程管理
ps | where cpu > 10 | sort-by cpu --reverse

# 系统信息
sys host

# 磁盘使用
sys disks

# 分割
"hello-world-test" | split row "-"

# 替换
"Hello World" | str replace "World" "Nushell"

# 正则匹配
ls | where name =~ '\.py$'

# 定义命令（放入 config.nu）
def greet [name: string, --loud(-l)] {
    let msg = $"Hello, ($name)!"
    if $loud {
        $msg | str upcase
    } else {
        $msg
    }
}

# 使用
greet "World" --loud
# HELLO, WORLD!

# GET 请求（自动解析 JSON）
http get https://api.github.com/repos/nushell/nushell
| select stargazers_count forks_count open_issues_count

# POST 请求
http post https://httpbin.org/post {name: "test", value: 42}

# 分组统计
ls | group-by type | transpose key value | each { |row|
    {type: $row.key, count: ($row.value | length)}
}

# 多文件聚合分析
glob *.csv | each { |f| open $f } | flatten
| where status == "error"
| group-by service
| transpose service errors
| insert count { |row| $row.errors | length }
| sort-by count --reverse

# each - 对每个元素操作
[1 2 3 4 5] | each { |x| $x * $x }
# [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

# reduce - 累积
[1 2 3 4 5] | reduce { |it, acc| $acc + $it }
# 15

# par-each - 并行处理
glob *.png | par-each { |f| ^convert $f -resize 50% $"thumb_($f)" }

# env.nu 中设置
$env.PATH = ($env.PATH | prepend "/usr/local/bin")
$env.EDITOR = "nvim"

# 临时修改
with-env {RUST_LOG: "debug"} { cargo run }

# try-catch
try {
    open nonexistent.json
} catch {
    print "文件不存在，使用默认配置"
    {port: 8080, host: "localhost"}
}

# 调用外部命令（前缀 ^）
^git status

# 外部命令输出转为结构化数据
^docker ps --format "{{json .}}" | lines | each { |l| $l | from json }

# 混合管道
^kubectl get pods -o json | from json | get items | select metadata.name status.phase

^bash script.sh
# 或
^bash -c "echo $HOME && ls"

# env.nu
$env.PATH = ($env.PATH | prepend "/home/user/.local/bin")

^some-command | lines | split column " " col1 col2 col3

# 查看可用插件
plugin list

# 注册插件
plugin add ~/.cargo/bin/nu_plugin_formats